Image Credits
46 images
The X-rays, CT scans, ECGs, ultrasound images, and clinical photographs shown in PrepEM cases come from openly licensed sources — Wikimedia Commons and open-access medical journals. Each image below is listed with its author, its license, and a link to the original, as those licenses require. Where an image has been cropped, converted, or otherwise altered for use here, that is noted.
We are grateful to the clinicians and researchers who made these images freely available.
Images
- abdominal aortic aneurysm, mural thrombus
Mikael Häggström, M.D. · CC0 · original - acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, two-panel figure with on-screen calipers
Iftikhar H, Khan FS, Al-Marri NDR, Zaki HA, Masood M — Cureus 2022;14(1):e21187 (PMC8837830) · CC BY 4.0 · original - acute cholecystitis, distended gallbladder with a thickened wall
Mikael Häggström, M.D. · CC0 · original - acute traumatic subdural hematoma, right frontotemporoparietal
Chen S, et al. Frontiers in Medicine 2026. Figure 1A. PMC13106069 · CC BY 4.0 · originalChanges made: cropped to panel A of Figure 1 (pre-operative CT); panel B (post-operative) removed - atrial fibrillation
Steven Fruitsmaak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source PNG to JPEG (no change to the image itself) - B lines
Tinss · CC BY-SA 4.0 · original - collapsible inferior vena cava
Gillman L, Ball C, Panebianco N, Al-Kadi A, Kirkpatrick A · CC BY 2.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source OGV - contact dermatitis
Abm6868 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · original - corneal abrasion with fluorescein staining
James Heilman, MD · CC BY-SA 4.0 · original - DVT
Rosen T, Chang B, Kaufman M, Soderman M, Riley D · CC BY 2.0 · originalChanges made: first 3 s removed (starts at 0:03, 6 s long); caption "Compression" overlaid at bottom (annotation, not from scanner); original: dvt-1.ogv - epiglottitis on lateral neck radiograph
Med Chaos · CC BY-SA 3.0 · originalChanges made: cropped from the original (no new file downloaded); original: File:Compare epiglottis.jpg - femoral artery and vein in short axis with color Doppler
Gillman L, Blaivas M, Lord J, Al-Kadi A, Kirkpatrick A · CC BY 2.0 · originalChanges made: cropped to sector (370x376); flipped horizontally; indicator marker redrawn top-left (annotation, not from scanner); converted from source OGV - free fluid
Nevit Dilmen (talk) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source PNG to JPEG (no change to the image itself) - guidewire within the vessel lumen in long axis
Gillman L, Blaivas M, Lord J, Al-Kadi A, Kirkpatrick A · CC BY 2.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source OGV - hydronephrosis
Nevit Dilmen · CC BY-SA 3.0 · original - hydronephrosis from an obstructing stone
James Heilman, MD · CC BY-SA 3.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source PNG to JPEG (no change to the image itself) - hyperinflation
James Heilman, MD · CC BY-SA 3.0 · original - hyperkalemia
Abdullah Sarhan · CC BY-SA 4.0 · original - hyperkalemia — peaked T waves (precordial leads only)
Abdullah Sarhan · CC BY-SA 4.0 · originalChanges made: same file as ecg-hyperk.jpg — one tracing used by both cases - impacted button battery in the upper esophagus; double-ring configuration
Amodio J, Lightman M. A Review of Button Battery Ingestions in Children — Diagnosis and Management. Children (Basel) 2025;12(12):1678. Figure 3. PMC12731419. doi:10.3390/children12121678 · CC BY 4.0 · original - inferior ST elevation
Andrewmeyerson (derivative) — original: James Heilman, MD · CC BY-SA 4.0 · originalChanges made: uploader's minor edits to the original; original: File:Inferior and RtV MI with PVC 15 lead.jpg (James Heilman, MD, CC BY-SA 4.0) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inferior_and_RtV_MI_with_PVC_15_lead.jpg - inferior ST elevation; ST depression, deep S wave and T wave inversion in V2
James Heilman, MD · CC BY-SA 3.0 · originalChanges made: cropped from the original; original: File:IandRStemi.JPG - intraparenchymal hemorrhage
PrepEM — own work · CC BY-NC 4.0 · original - intussusception, target sign
Cerevisae · CC BY-SA 4.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source PNG to JPEG; cropped to the left panel (grayscale), removing the right colour-Doppler panel - mediastinal widening on portable AP chest radiograph
Popaj L, Cronovich K. Type A Aortic Intramural Hematoma Without Identifiable Intimal Tear Presenting With Minimal Initial Findings. Cureus 2026. Figure 1. PMC13259602. doi:10.7759/cureus.108743 · CC BY 4.0 · original - neonatal chest radiograph
Mikael Häggström, M.D. Author info - Reusing images- Conflicts of interest: None Mikael Häggström, M.D.Consent note: Wr · CC0 · originalChanges made: converted from source PNG to JPEG (no change to the image itself) - normal 12-lead
邱鈺鋒 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · original - normal chest radiograph
Mikael Häggström · CC0 · original - normal lung sliding
Gillman L, Kirkpatrick A · CC BY 2.0 · original - open book pelvic fracture
Hellerhoff · CC BY-SA 4.0 · original - pediatric pelvis, anteroposterior
Staff at the Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Health. · Public domain · original - pelvic free fluid
Heller T, Wallrauch C, Goblirsch S, Brunetti E · CC BY 2.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source OGV - pleural effusion
Yale Rosen from USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 · original - pneumoperitoneum, free air under both hemidiaphragms
Hellerhoff · CC BY-SA 4.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source JPEG to PNG (no change to the image itself) - pneumothorax
Hellerhoff · CC BY-SA 3.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source PNG to JPEG (no change to the image itself) - pulmonary edema
Maryrosegrant · CC BY-SA 4.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source PNG to JPEG (no change to the image itself) - pulmonary edema; sternal wires from prior sternotomy
Mikael Häggström · CC0 · original - pulmonary embolism
Rvahudson · CC BY-SA 4.0 · original - right ventricular dilatation
Solomonbgh · CC0 · originalChanges made: converted from source PNG to JPEG (no change to the image itself) - sinus tachycardia
Ewingdo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · original - sinus tachycardia; right heart strain
Walter Serra, Giuseppe De Iaco, Claudio Reverberi and Tiziano Gherli · CC BY 2.0 · original - ST elevation
Displaced · Public domain · original - subarachnoid hemorrhage
Hellerhoff · CC BY-SA 3.0 · originalChanges made: converted from source PNG to JPEG (no change to the image itself) - third degree heart block
MoodyGroove at English Wikipedia · Public domain · original - transabdominal uterus in long axis, no intrauterine pregnancy
Nevit Dilmen · CC BY-SA 3.0 · original - ventricular tachycardia
The original uploader was Ksheka at English Wikipedia. · CC BY-SA 2.5 · originalChanges made: converted from source PNG to JPEG (no change to the image itself)
Reuse
Images licensed CC BY-SA remain under CC BY-SA, including any modified versions shown here. Images marked CC0 or public domain carry no restrictions. Links to every original work are provided above, and we will supply any of them on request.
Contact
If you are the author of an image and would like a credit corrected or an image removed, contact us at support@prepem.com and we will act promptly.
PrepEM is an independent study tool and is not affiliated with or endorsed by the American Board of Emergency Medicine or the American College of Emergency Physicians.